Why Cash Poor Americans Often Fail to Get Ahead
Ilaria D’Anca, 44, in Mesa, Arizona felt that she had everything going for her with a graduate degree in advertising and public relations, with honors. She worked 20 years as a healthcare executive, earning as much as six-figure salaries for half of those years.
But between 2016-2019, she hit a rough patch that included a career change, an unprecedented flooding of her home and property, a legal battle and a falling out with family members that depleted her savings.
“I had an 806 credit score and nearly $150,000 saved in bank accounts prior to this financial crisis,” she said. “I went through every penny of it. We had three vehicles re-possessed and lost our home to foreclosure.”
“Bad financial products,” she said, worsened her situation. “Before this experience, I had no idea of the existence of these. I had 3 traditional mortgages and government-backed school loans prior.”
What are “bad financial products”?
When you’re down and out, the last thing you need is another blow to the knees. But that’s exactly what an increasing number of Americans, including those in the middle class, say they feel when they need access to short-term cash.
To cover unexpected medical bills, car repairs or other surprise expenses, Americans living paycheck-to-paycheck often turn to expensive short-term loans that can further erode their finances, according to community finance platform SoLo’s 2025 Cash Poor Report. Americans paid more than $39 billion, or 34% more than in 2023, in fees to borrow money to pay their unexpected expenses, SoLo said. Fees were on top of the advertised Annual Percentage Rate (APR), which often already reaches into the 20% range and higher for credit cards, it said.
Cash-poor Americans, or those who don’t have enough liquid cash on hand to cover unplanned expenses, often used some of the following to cover the average $1,825 emergency last year, it said.
- Subprime credit cards: The most expensive option, with an average cost of 48%, up from 41% in 2023. Maximum fees can reach 90% of the principal borrowed, driven by high total fees, penalties, and monthly maintenance fees.
- Payday loans: The average cost is 35%, up from 33% in 2023. Maximum costs reached 67%, fueled by origination fees, late fees, and penalties.
- Buy now pay later, or BNPL: A relatively affordable option that allows people to pay in installments. It has minimum fees averaging just 2%. However, costs can climb to 45% due to interest and additional fees.
- Earned wage access, or EWA: Tapping into your earned wages before payday has one of the lowest average borrowing costs at 13%, but fees can rise to 26% if including optional tipping and transaction charges.
- Bank small-dollar loans: Growing in popularity, these are typically less than $1,000 and repaid in a few weeks or months. Average borrowing costs were 25% in 2024, with a minimum fee of 12%, mostly because of mandatory account balance and deposit requirements.
- P2P, or peer-to-peer, loans: The most affordable option in terms of aggregate borrowing costs, but average costs may reach 17% due to tips and late fees.
- Friends & family: 43% of people surveyed borrowed from friends and family last year. That’s up from 38% in 2023. These loans generally have no fees.
Hard lessons
D’Anca had her first taste of these short-term, high-interest loans when her pickup truck broke down.
“They (lenders) were willing to pay my $2,200 bill for the truck’s fuel pumps, but I had to pay it back in full within 3 months, or the interest would go from 0% to 169% with the back 3-months of interest due immediately,” she said. “Let me tell you, I believe most Americans would take the bad loan over being stuck in a parking lot indefinitely. So, I did.”
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